The Evolving Strategy of IBM, textbook pages 476


Executive Summary:

This is an individual assignment in which I need to make a word report based on a case study which is selected from Hill, CWL 2015, and International business: competing in the global marketplace. I have choose IBM Corporation for analysis if the case as topic of “The Evolving Strategy of IBM, textbook pages 476” .The detailed report will discussed the core problems identified in recent global business environment and how it affected to the business strategy of the company, with that a theoretical implications of the business strategy also being discussed which the company have used and based on such analysis recommendations suggested for the future strategy of the company.  IBM Company is a global company that seeks to solve the limitations of humans through the development of both home-made and business computers. It has been achieved by intensive research, innovation, and invention. The company has garnered comparative and competitive edge by employing very competitive workforce, employing the strategy of expanding their products to reach the global market. Through differentiation of the products to serve the low, middle and high-income earner, IBM has managed to increase their sales and emerge one of the most profitable organizations across the globe. In addition, the company have become useful for both the managers and other senior employees since they can use the IBM products like computers to analyze large set of data, analyze them and eventually evaluate them to make focus on the future economic conditions. The company has also ­­-developed strategies that they are using to explore new markets and serve various customers who come from different parts of the world. Amidst the challenges faced by the company, the senior personnel is always striving to change them into various opportunities to counter the global competition posit by other competing firms. It, therefore, enables them to become 4th in branding globally.


Table of Contents

 








Introduction of the company:

Being the World’s Largest Computer Corporation, IBM Corporation (IBM) is an United States Multinational Consulting and technology corporation, that has its headquarters in Armonk area of New York city (Chen, & Wang, 2012). IBM manufactures the products related to computers, its hardware, software and other necessary products of it. Also sells the same products which are manufactured by IBM in their own house. Moreover, IBM also offers various services to the Microframe computers include infrastructure services, consulting and hosting services and Nanotechnology services. The genesis of IBM dates back in 1911 when it began as a cloud Tabulating, recording and analyzing by a merger of 3 companies namely computing scale corporation , International time recording company and the tabulating machine company.
According to historical records, IBM produced its first computer in 1953, and it was named it 701. In the decade of 1960s and 1970s, IBM initiates to develop the new field in computer worlds by development of mainframe and minicomputers. In year 1981, IBM promote its first personal computer with the name of IBM PC which upon its introduction into the market, it became the default reference standard for PCs (Yoon, 2005). IBM not able to estimate the market requirement of PCs and they lost their market share to sellers of PC manufactured corporation such as Compaq.
IBM has a team of scientists, consultants, engineers, sales professionals over 200 countries of the world. With the passage of time IBM has awarded for Nobel Prize for 5 times with that IBM also received   National medals from nine countries for technology, National medals from 5 countries for science and Turing awards for four times. The way in which IBM acquires its staff is through handpicking professionals, IBM trains them to specialize in assessing needs of training, administering, designing, delivering, developing and evaluating solutions for training. Nevertheless, it blends technology with various traditional methods. These customized training for IT solutions will increase the knowledgeable employee in IBM organization. While recruiting, IBM institutes taking four processes that include: written test, group discussion, technical interview, HR interview.

Analysis of the IBM Evolving Strategy: IBM is one of the biggest brands over the world. In this case we are going to analyze the IBM strategy to become global brand and won the trust of people. If we analyzed the case we find that global market of IBM is due to continuous innovation as first innovation of the company are forty year ago but after that company innovate some new system in the field of information technology.  IBM invented SQL over 40 years ago. SQL is still in use today as a lingua franca of data querying for its simplistic syntax and ubiquity across an organization.IBM is also an early contributor to Hadoop. Being a top innovator, IBM is still inventing new machinery and new technologies in the market. It has $24 billion investment in the platform. It has indeed offered distribution based on the most current open source technologist and provides a platform for best-in-class analytics (Earning Company, 2001). IBM provides infrastructure technologies with various segment of company. Whereas STG meets the technology needs of IBM by providing packing solutions, products and Semiconductor technology.  For attract customer by introducing new scheme name as global financing in which IBM   Financing segment of company provides solution of financing for services and products which is critical for business operations.(Chen, & Wang, 2012). IBM entered into financing contracts after analysis of credit status and security of contract by legal manner. Global financing includes financing to the end user by providing lease and loan financing for 7 years. Also for the dealer of IBM, they launch commercial financing where is financing to the account receivable and inventory for short term basis to the dealer of IBM and OEM products are financed by the IBM.  Continuous innovation of the IBM make them IBM’s brand occupies the fifth position in the Forbes and earns recognition as being among the world’s most favorable brand courtesy of the broad patent portfolio. In 2012, Fortune ranked IBM as being the second largest U.S. Firm by the number of staffs (433,362) and the 4th largest firm in the world in terms of market capitalization. Nevertheless, IBM was declared the 9th most profitable firm and the placed 19th rank in terms of revenue. 
From a global view, in the list of Forbes 2011 the company has been secured the 31st rank in the world in terms of revenue. Other rankings include 2011/2012 as the being the number one company for leaders, 1st rank in green company over global, 2nd best brand over world and the 18th rank in most innovative company in the world (Yoon, 2005). IBM also innovate the big data technology which is used by the organization according to organizations requirement.  As per the requirements of this company smart innovation, the big data system can act as wonder in dealing with the huge data to process and store the data in a structured way. It also deals in recording, monitoring and measuring all types of data being generated. The system is also capable of providing the analysis, tracking, sharing, auditing, and managing the data. The biggest aspect of big data system is that to provide company in processing high variety, high volume, and high velocity to extract data to ensure high conformity of original data. Big data system innovated by the IBM works on Big data to make the data analysis fast and affordable. (Warden, 2011).
Statistically Information revels that IBM have 9 laboratories over the world and IBM holds highest number of patents in the US technologies company.  The invention of IBM includes the ATM, the airline reservation system, the magnetic stripe card, the hard drive disk, the floppy disk, DRAM and Watson artificial intelligence.
Since the company was incorporated, it has undergone for various changes in the organizations such as spinning off companies like Lexmark (1991), PwC Consulting (2002), ThinkPad to Lenovo (2005) and   acquiring companies like (SPSS 2009).  The company has efficient expert technical managers who are committed to work and offer excellent support. This has been a secret tool in which IBM has been using to bring a customer back to their premise. Quality work is their motto.
By the end of 2011, IBM company had generated revenue of Revenue: $106.9 billion from continuing worldwide operations and Net income: $15.9 billion. Its total assets base was $116.4 billion. Statistically, IBM is among the highest worldwide company with the highest number of employees of about 433,362. Being listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: IBM), the company is the world leading corporation in a provision of industry Computer software,  Computer hardware, IT consulting and IT services.

Benefits from the invention of IBM Company

  • Processes unstructured data
Through the development of different computers which can be able to organize, coordinate, evaluate and synchronize data, unorganized or unstructured data can structure to give a useful meaning. The products of IBM has been used by many companies to help them analyze data for various economic analysis and decisions
·         Aid in solving human decisions
Products made by the IBM company, such as computers aid in solving the human limitations which arises in their daily lives. Through the use of computer software, different companies and organizations can be able to make various managerial decisions that aid even in the future planning and operations.
  • Acts as a decision support system don't replace human
The services provided by the company helps to increase both labor and capital productivity of various governmental and nongovernmental organizations (Thompson, 2000). The incorporation of various innovation and invention in the marketplace has led to the increment in the level of total productivity of various companies around the globe
  •  Improve and transform customer service
The use of IBM product has made the world become a global village. Customers can be able to trade for the use of the internet, various transactions can be carried out via the internet, and even the general trading system can be done online (Hawking & Sellitto, 2015). The innovations have increased the customer service in both IBM and other companies around the globe. Also, the companies and organizations can also improve the delivery of goods to the customer and make them aware of their products through different advertisements

Purpose of IBM Company

·         The main purpose of this company is to explore the existing global opportunities and balance the fluctuations in different companies.
·         To come up with very big brand image and create new products which appeals to the younger generations to come.
·         To acquire a competitive edge in both local and global markets.
·         To promote the innovation and inventions through research investments in information technology.it therefore, increases both labor and capital productivity.
·         To enhance the use of an open operating system, e.g.,  lines.it will enhance the operation and activities of the company both in the short run and in the long run.
·         To improve the  small  medium business over there years and great desire to increase  the market share

Strengths

·         IBM company have been holding t technological patent for the next 17 years. It has made
·         It emerge the best in the whole world and beat its competitor. By 2008 IBM managed to get 4186 patents and this number increased to 4914 by 2009.in the same year, the company published 4000 innovation publications and other products without patents
·         IBM Company is known to be handling about 95% of the activities of the leading businesses and companies in the USA
·         The company has won different awards in the business and by 2009 they were recognized as the 4th company leading in branding in the whole world (Thompson, 2000). They have also remained at the top for more than 20 years consistently.
·         Given that it is an old company, IBM has developed a good rapport with its clients, customers, and suppliers. It, therefore, makes it one of the largest and most profitable companies around the world with a profit of 66 billion
·         IBM is a global company that has managed to employ more than 400000 employees all over the world. By this, it has gained greater competitive advantage and comparative edge
·         By the creation of dedicated research labs mainly for the creation of innovations and inventions, IBM has managed to emerge the top among its competitors.

Weaknesses of IBM Company

·         Due to the size of the IBM Company makes it suffer the diseconomies of scales. The response to the clients by the company officials or employees is very slow which cannot match the demand of millions of customers (Chen, & Wang, 2012).The slow response is not due to in competencies of customers but because 400000 employees cannot provide efficient customer support to the customers.
·         There is a great increase in the operating cost and other costs arising from the competitors that eat into their market share. It is evident that by 2010, IBM was forced to buy back $8 billion in stock
·         Going Global has made the company to other nations have made the number of employees to increase immensely. It, therefore, forces them to retrench other employees. For instance, by 2009, USA was forced to retrench 30 000employees from the workforce (Thompson, H. (2000). Essentially, this makes the individuals unemployed hence lowering their general living standards.
·         IBM Company has been undergoing a series of problems in communication and networking of activities in different nations. It mainly arises due to language barrier experienced by the employees and the customers in different parts of the world were IBM company operates
·         Due to global recessions experienced globally, the operations and activities of IBM interfere with. The financial activity which contributes 30% of the IBM Company's revenue is forced to decline. The recession also does affect the operations of the equity banks and their ability to lend to the general public.
·         There is a decline in the storage and server and storage accounts which mainly accounts for more than 20% of the company's revenue.


Some of the largest competitors of IBM include Accenture, Amazon.com Inc., Computer Science Corporation, Fujitsu, and Google. Inc., Microsoft Corporation , Hewlett-Packard Program,  CA, Inc., Oracle Corporation, Salesforce.com, SAP, Cisco, Dell, Inc. etcetera. Even though the good number of strength of the competitor in term of revenue, capital and presence in the market but IBM also captured high amount of market due to their continuous innovation in the technology, as it is known that IBM is one of the leading manufacturers in the fields of information technology.   
One more strategy of the company  to expand their word wide presence by way of social media as company active on the social media in active manner as if we look at the social media presence of the company that most of the employee of company are on the professional network of social media name as LinkedIn. IBM has higher number of followers on professional social media network LinkedIn. Maximum followers of IBM are from LinkedIn. IBM followers on LinkedIn are 560000 from which 280000 are employee of IBM.  And IBM placed on number one in US by way number of followers by LinkedIn users.

Recommendations:


Being an international company with international presence, IBM should seek to ensure efficiency in all its activities right from the manufacturing process to the service delivery. Though there has been a concern that its share price frequently fluctuates making some of the investors shift their funds from the organization, IBM should strive to ensure that establishes a reliable market share as well as monitor the activities of its strong competitors in order to ensure that it is always ahead of them (Chen, & Wang, 2012). As a matter of fact, it should strive to manage sophisticated recommendations to align its incomes towards the achievement of higher goals. Another recommendation would be to provide smarter content recommendations through algorithms and personalization components. It should also work towards delivering content to multiple channels and improve business insights to increase performance and in the overall achieve merchandising and marketing objectives. Even the company has good strategy for evolving market of the world but though company should have also need to introduce some new technology in the fields of new era of technology. Now a day number of user  of smart phone are increased rapidly and maximum people are using smart phone for the purpose of work as well hence IBM need to interfered in the field of mobile which also help to increase their revenue. One more suggestion for IBM is to launch the smart phone tools with other technology related to smart phone as maximum competitor of IBM also diverted their business in the field of smart phone. Maximum producer of computer are producing smart phone by looking to the higher number of user using smart phone for the purpose of work. Now if we look than Intex, Microsoft, Dell and other competitor of IBM also producing smart phone as well which help them to recover the reduction of revenue by selling of this tools. Also IBM can innovate something new in the field of smart phone.

Conclusion:


From the whole analysis about the evolving strategy of the IBM we concluded that from the continuous improvement of the IBM they placed number of rank in the field of technology. Strategy for capture market and to provide service to the customer IBM tried a lot. But now IBM need to divert some of the business in the field of smart phone by using diversion strategy which helps to IBM to make presence in the market in the new filed also help to cover the revenue loss. Social presence of IBM also helps them to gain advantage in the competitive market of technology.  

References:

1.      Chen, T., & Wang, Y.-C. (2012). Project Management System for Facilitating Knowledge Learning. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems (ideas), 8, 2, 30-51.

2.      Cohen, D., & Prusak, L. (2001). In good company: How social capital makes organizations work. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

3.      Earning Company. (2001). Zoombinis Logical Journey: [an epic adventure of Math and logic]. Novato, CA: Learning Co.

4.      Hawking, P., & Sellitto, C. (2015). Intelligence business Strategy: A Utilities Company Case Study. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems, 11(1), 1-12.

5.      Thompson, H. (2000). The customer-centered Enterprise: IBM and other world-class companies. New York: McGraw-Hill.

6.      Yoon, V., Broome, B., & Guimaraes, T. (April 01, 2005). Agent Technology for Company Knowledge Management. Information Resources Management Journal, 18, 2, 94-113.

7.      Warden, P. (2011). Big Data Glossary. Sebastopol: O'Reilly Media

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